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RUMINANT
BY-PRODUCTS
The
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) agent is not easy to
test for in rendered by-products. No ruminant-derived
protein sources can be fed in the BQA/CMP program. The
FDA has formulated regulations that deal with feeding
ruminant-derived products
FDA
regulation prohibits the use of protein derived from mammals
in ruminant feed. There are, however, certain exceptions to
the rule including:
-
Pure
porcine or pure equine protein
-
Blood and blood by-products
-
Gelatin
-
Inspected meat products which have been cooked and
offered for human food and further heat processed for
animal feed use
-
Milk
products (milk and milk protein)
The
regulation has established certain requirements for
renderers, protein blenders, feed manufacturers,
distributors (including haulers), and individuals and
establishments that are responsible for feeding ruminant
animals. This regulation applies to establishments,
both large and small feeding operations, and individuals
that are responsible for feeding ruminants. Establishments
are required to:
1. Maintain copies of all purchase invoices for all
feeds received that contain animal protein. If a feed
intended for ruminants contains animal protein, the protein
can consist only of non-prohibited material. The regulation
requires maintenance of invoices for all feeds containing
animal protein so that FDA can verify if necessary that the
animal protein contained in the ruminant feed is from
non-prohibited sources.
2.
Maintain copies of labeling for feeds containing
animal protein products that are received. The agency
recognizes that bulk shipments of feed are common place and
that labeling information typically is contained in the
invoices of bulk shipments. In those instances, maintenance
of the invoice is sufficient. If the only labeling for a
bulk product is on a placard, the placard for each shipment
should be retained. Feed may also be received in bags or
other containers that have attached labeling. In those
instances the labeling should be removed and retained.
However, maintenance of only one such labeling piece from
each shipment that represents a different product is
necessary. Finally, if the labeling cannot be removed from
the bag or other container, maintenance of a representative
bag or a transposed copy of the labeling information from a
container that cannot feasibly be stored will suffice.
3.
Make copies of the invoices and labeling available
for inspection and copying by FDA.
4.
Maintain the records for a minimum of one year.
The
records should be kept so that they are legible and readily
retrievable. The one-year requirement means one year from
the date of the receipt of the product.
FDA
suggests that for all equipment, including that used for
storage, processing, mixing, conveying, and distribution
that comes in contact with feeds containing prohibited
material and non-prohibited protein, that reasonable and
effective procedures to prevent contamination of
manufactured feed be followed. The steps used to prevent
contamination of feeds often include one or more of the
following or other equally effective procedures:
1.
Physical means (vacuuming, sweeping or flushing
and/or sequential production of feeds).
2.
If flushing is utilized, FDA recommends that the
flush material be properly identified, stored and used in a
manner to prevent contamination of other feeds. The volume
of flushed material should be sufficient to equal the
operating volume of the shared equipment.
3.
If sequential production is utilized, FDA recommends
that it be on a predetermined basis designed to prevent
unsafe contamination of ruminant feeds. An example of
appropriate sequencing would be swine feed containing
prohibited material, followed by a swine or poultry feed not
using prohibited material, followed by a ruminant feed
containing non-prohibited material.
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